Steam Power
People relied on
power from wind and water for most of the industrial revolution, but the
invention of steam power played a huge role in later development.
Inventors made attempts before the industrial revolution to create steam
power. The first attempt at a
pump to generate steam power was by Thomas Savery in 1698.
It was used in several water works and mines but wasn’t used for a very
long time because there was a chance of boiler explosions and it limited the
height at which the water could be pumped. The first successful steam power plant
was created by Thomas Newcomen in 1712.
power from wind and water for most of the industrial revolution, but the
invention of steam power played a huge role in later development.
Inventors made attempts before the industrial revolution to create steam
power. The first attempt at a
pump to generate steam power was by Thomas Savery in 1698.
It was used in several water works and mines but wasn’t used for a very
long time because there was a chance of boiler explosions and it limited the
height at which the water could be pumped. The first successful steam power plant
was created by Thomas Newcomen in 1712.
Textile manufacture
Another industry advanced during the industrial revolution was
textile manufacturing. Textiles
are a fabric, or type of cloth.
The main type of textile being manufactured was cotton.
Two types of was it was being spun into fabric were sewing and wheel
spun. At first the textiles were
made in households. But textile
manufacture became more advanced when Lewis Paul, John Kay, and John Wyatt
created more advanced spinning machines to increase productivity.
Then in 1743 a factory for textile manufacture opened in England.
textile manufacturing. Textiles
are a fabric, or type of cloth.
The main type of textile being manufactured was cotton.
Two types of was it was being spun into fabric were sewing and wheel
spun. At first the textiles were
made in households. But textile
manufacture became more advanced when Lewis Paul, John Kay, and John Wyatt
created more advanced spinning machines to increase productivity.
Then in 1743 a factory for textile manufacture opened in England.
Mining
Coal mining started early in parts of Britain. Before the first steam engine, shallow pits were dug, and then abandoned when the coal ran out. A limiting factor of mining was removing water. This was made easier when the steam pump was invented by Savery in 1698, and the steam engine by Newcomen in 1712. So these two inventors made advancements in both steam power and mining. These inventions made it possible to easily remove water from mine shafts so that they could be deeper, and miners could mine deeper into the Earth to remove more coal. Th en in the 1770s an inventor by the name of James Watt created a steam engine that was cheaper and created more profit in mines.
Chemicals
The large scale production of chemicals that occurred during the time of the industrial revolution was a significant factor in its development. The first chemical to have advances in its production was sulfuric in 1776. Some other chemicals being produced at this time were lead, hydrochloric acid, sodium carbonate, calcium sulfide, and potassium carbonate. New chemical production methods were produced during the industrial revolution such as the lead chamber process were invented by Joe Roebuck. Many other chemical production processes were invented at this time.
Transprotation
The three main areas advanced in transportation were canals,
roads, and railways. The
industrial revolution was when canals began to be built, roads were improved and
became more plentiful, and more railways opened. Canals started being built in the late
1700s as passageways for ships. The first successful canal was built in England
in 1761. In the early 1700s roads
were in poor condition, but after 1720 they became better maintained, more toll
roads were made, and new roads were engineered. Also, by the early 1800s
railways were both steam-powered and public. Instead of wagon ways, trains became a
way to transport freight such as coal.
So trains became a way to transport both people and freight.
Eventually, railways connected large cities and supplied workers to
factories. So transportation has
wide spread affects.
roads, and railways. The
industrial revolution was when canals began to be built, roads were improved and
became more plentiful, and more railways opened. Canals started being built in the late
1700s as passageways for ships. The first successful canal was built in England
in 1761. In the early 1700s roads
were in poor condition, but after 1720 they became better maintained, more toll
roads were made, and new roads were engineered. Also, by the early 1800s
railways were both steam-powered and public. Instead of wagon ways, trains became a
way to transport freight such as coal.
So trains became a way to transport both people and freight.
Eventually, railways connected large cities and supplied workers to
factories. So transportation has
wide spread affects.
Machine Tools
The machine tools invented during the industrial revolution
affected the manufacturing which helped other aspects of the industrial
revolution develop. These were
essential because they were used to make other machines.
The machine tools from the industrial revolution were the beginning of
modern engineering. Some
important ones were the planning machine, the lathe, the milling machine, and
the slotting machine. All of these
tools were used for woodwork which was useful to make other items.
affected the manufacturing which helped other aspects of the industrial
revolution develop. These were
essential because they were used to make other machines.
The machine tools from the industrial revolution were the beginning of
modern engineering. Some
important ones were the planning machine, the lathe, the milling machine, and
the slotting machine. All of these
tools were used for woodwork which was useful to make other items.
Social Effects
The industrial revolution also had social effects on
people. These effects included
standard of living, labor conditions, housing, and nutrition.
The standard of living became greater for those who were already doing
well. Their wages increased, so
they did better for themselves.
However, those who had a lower social class had a reduction in their
standard of living. Also, people
of middle class began doing better for themselves.
Labor conditions became more favorable for workers because they worked in
more modern times and in factories.
Like standard of living, housing got better for those with money, and
worse for those in poverty.
However, sanitation and health conditions improved over the course of
time for everyone. Malnutrition
became less common in the late 1800s, life expectancy became about ten years
longer, and with transportation food became cheaper and more accessible.
people. These effects included
standard of living, labor conditions, housing, and nutrition.
The standard of living became greater for those who were already doing
well. Their wages increased, so
they did better for themselves.
However, those who had a lower social class had a reduction in their
standard of living. Also, people
of middle class began doing better for themselves.
Labor conditions became more favorable for workers because they worked in
more modern times and in factories.
Like standard of living, housing got better for those with money, and
worse for those in poverty.
However, sanitation and health conditions improved over the course of
time for everyone. Malnutrition
became less common in the late 1800s, life expectancy became about ten years
longer, and with transportation food became cheaper and more accessible.